Zond program
Zond ( Зонд ; Russian for "probe") was the name given to two distinct series of Soviet unmanned space program undertaken from 1964 to 1970. The first series, based on the 3MV planetary probe , was intended to gather information about nearby planets . The second series of test spacecraft, being a precursor to manned circumlunar loop flights, used a stripped-down variant of Soyuz spacecraft , consisting of the service and descent modules , but lacking the orbital module . Two tortoises and other lifeforms aboard Zond 5 were the first to travel around the Moon and return to Earth.
Page Revisions
| Year | Metadata | Sections | Top Words | First Paragraph |
| 2018 |
96862 characters 7 sections 8 paragraphs 13 images 487 internal links 3 external links |
zond 0.679 flights 0.207 test 0.183 3mv 0.173 soyuz 0.165 circumlunar 0.149 moon 0.141 spacecraft 0.122 l1 0.118 stripped 0.114 micrometeor 0.103 tortoises 0.103 зонд 0.103 1970 0.098 flown 0.095 |
Zond ( Зонд ; Russian for "probe") was the name given to two distinct series of Soviet unmanned space program undertaken from 1964 to 1970. The first series, based on the 3MV planetary probe , was intended to gather information about nearby planets . The second series of test spacecraft, being a precursor to manned circumlunar loop flights, used a stripped-down variant of Soyuz spacecraft , consisting of the service and descent modules , but lacking the orbital module . Two tortoises and other lifeforms aboard Zond 5 were the first to travel around the Moon and return to Earth. |
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| 2017 |
96700 characters 7 sections 8 paragraphs 13 images 487 internal links 3 external links |
zond 0.683 flights 0.208 test 0.184 3mv 0.174 soyuz 0.166 circumlunar 0.150 moon 0.142 spacecraft 0.122 l1 0.119 stripped 0.115 micrometeor 0.103 зонд 0.103 1970 0.099 flown 0.096 moonshot 0.093 |
Zond ( Зонд ; Russian for "probe") was the name given to two distinct series of Soviet unmanned space program undertaken from 1964 to 1970. The first series, based on the 3MV planetary probe , was intended to gather information about nearby planets . The second series of test spacecraft, being a precursor to manned circumlunar loop flights, used a stripped-down variant of Soyuz spacecraft , consisting of the service and descent modules , but lacking the orbital module . The earth lifeforms in Zond 5 were first to travel around the moon and return to Earth. |
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| 2016 |
96326 characters 7 sections 8 paragraphs 13 images 487 internal links 3 external links |
zond 0.649 flights 0.220 test 0.195 3mv 0.184 soyuz 0.175 circumlunar 0.158 spacecraft 0.129 moon 0.128 l1 0.126 stripped 0.122 micrometeor 0.109 зонд 0.109 1970 0.105 flown 0.101 moonshot 0.098 |
Zond ( Зонд ; Russian for "probe") was the name given to two distinct series of Soviet unmanned space program undertaken from 1964 to 1970. The first series based on 3MV planetary probe was intended to gather information about nearby planets . The second series of test spacecraft being a precursor to manned circumlunar loop flights used a stripped-down variant of Soyuz spacecraft , consisting of the service and descent modules , but lacking the orbital module . |
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| 2015 |
96575 characters 7 sections 9 paragraphs 14 images 487 internal links 3 external links |
zond 0.672 flights 0.205 test 0.181 l1 0.176 3mv 0.171 7k 0.163 soyuz 0.163 circumlunar 0.147 proton 0.131 spacecraft 0.120 moon 0.120 stripped 0.113 micrometeor 0.101 зонд 0.101 1970 0.097 |
Zond ( Зонд ; Russian for "probe") was the name given to two distinct series of Soviet unmanned space program undertaken from 1964 to 1970. The first series based on 3MV planetary probe was intended to gather information about nearby planets . The second series of test spacecraft being a precursor to manned circumlunar loop flights used a stripped-down variant of Soyuz spacecraft , consisting of the service and descent modules , but lacking the orbital module . |
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| 2014 |
74215 characters 7 sections 9 paragraphs 13 images 310 internal links 4 external links |
zond 0.672 flights 0.205 test 0.181 l1 0.176 3mv 0.171 7k 0.163 soyuz 0.163 circumlunar 0.147 proton 0.131 spacecraft 0.120 moon 0.120 stripped 0.113 micrometeor 0.101 зонд 0.101 1970 0.097 |
Zond ( Зонд ; Russian for "probe") was the name given to two distinct series of Soviet unmanned space program undertaken from 1964 to 1970. The first series based on 3MV planetary probe was intended to gather information about nearby planets . The second series of test spacecraft being a precursor to manned circumlunar loop flights used a stripped-down variant of Soyuz spacecraft , consisting of the service and descent modules , but lacking the orbital module . |
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| 2013 |
73950 characters 7 sections 8 paragraphs 13 images 310 internal links 4 external links |
zond 0.668 flights 0.204 test 0.180 l1 0.175 proton 0.174 3mv 0.171 7k 0.162 soyuz 0.162 circumlunar 0.147 spacecraft 0.120 moon 0.119 stripped 0.113 micrometeor 0.101 зонд 0.101 1970 0.097 |
Zond ( Зонд ; Russian for "probe") was the name given to two distinct series of Soviet unmanned space program undertaken from 1964 to 1970. The first series based on 3MV planetary probe was intended to gather information about nearby planets . The second series of test spacecraft being a precursor to manned circumlunar loop flights used a stripped-down variant of Soyuz spacecraft , consisting of the service and descent modules , but lacking the orbital module . |
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| 2012 |
67927 characters 4 sections 5 paragraphs 14 images 305 internal links 4 external links |
zond 0.575 flights 0.250 3mv 0.210 soyuz 0.199 test 0.185 l1 0.143 stripped 0.139 spacecraft 0.129 micrometeor 0.124 зонд 0.124 moon 0.122 1970 0.119 flown 0.115 moonshot 0.112 glitches 0.112 |
Zond ( Зонд ; Russian for "probe") was the name given to two distinct series of Soviet unmanned space program undertaken from 1964 to 1970. The first series based on 3MV planetary probe was intended to gather information about nearby planets . The second series of test spacecraft being a precursor to manned circumlunar loop flights used a stripped-down variant of Soyuz spacecraft , consisting of the service and descent modules , but lacking the orbital module . |
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| 2011 |
64530 characters 4 sections 5 paragraphs 9 images 299 internal links 4 external links |
zond 0.575 flights 0.250 3mv 0.210 soyuz 0.199 test 0.185 l1 0.143 stripped 0.139 spacecraft 0.129 micrometeor 0.124 зонд 0.124 moon 0.122 1970 0.119 flown 0.115 moonshot 0.112 glitches 0.112 |
Zond ( Зонд ; Russian for "probe") was the name given to two distinct series of Soviet unmanned space program undertaken from 1964 to 1970. The first series based on 3MV planetary probe was intended to gather information about nearby planets . The second series of test spacecraft being a precursor to manned circumlunar loop flights used a stripped-down variant of Soyuz spacecraft , consisting of the service and descent modules , but lacking the orbital module . |
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| 2010 |
72802 characters 6 sections 8 paragraphs 16 images 303 internal links 4 external links |
zond 0.575 flights 0.250 3mv 0.210 soyuz 0.199 test 0.185 l1 0.143 stripped 0.139 spacecraft 0.129 micrometeor 0.124 зонд 0.124 moon 0.122 1970 0.119 flown 0.115 moonshot 0.112 glitches 0.112 |
Zond ( Зонд ; Russian for "probe") was the name given to two distinct series of Soviet unmanned space program undertaken from 1964 to 1970. The first series based on 3MV planetary probe was intended to gather information about nearby planets . The second series of test spacecraft being a precursor to manned circumlunar loop flights used a stripped-down variant of Soyuz spacecraft , consisting of the service and descent modules , but lacking the orbital module . |
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| 2009 |
72448 characters 6 sections 8 paragraphs 9 images 308 internal links 5 external links |
zond 0.610 manned 0.229 1968 0.218 moon 0.211 l1 0.177 soviet 0.171 test 0.160 flights 0.155 cosmonauts 0.147 spacecraft 0.125 soyuz 0.123 apollo 0.112 1970 0.111 flight 0.108 flown 0.107 |
Zond ( Зонд ; meaning "probe") was the name given to two series of Soviet unmanned space missions undertaken from 1964 to 1970 to gather information about nearby planets and to test spacecraft. The second series used a stripped-down variant of the manned Soyuz spacecraft , consisting of the service and descent modules , but lacking the orbital module . |
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| 2008 |
66953 characters 6 sections 5 paragraphs 9 images 331 internal links 5 external links |
zond 0.446 test 0.241 soyuz 0.216 circumlunar 0.195 1968 0.191 flown 0.187 flights 0.163 moon 0.159 l1 0.156 stripped 0.150 apollo 0.147 missions 0.145 micrometeor 0.135 зонд 0.135 glitches 0.121 |
Zond ( Зонд ; meaning "probe") was the name given to two series of Soviet unmanned space missions undertaken from 1964 to 1970 to gather information about nearby planets and to test spacecraft. The second series used a stripped-down variant of the manned Soyuz spacecraft , consisting of the service and descent modules , but lacking the orbital module . |
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| 2007 |
67054 characters 6 sections 5 paragraphs 9 images 332 internal links 5 external links |
zond 0.442 test 0.239 soyuz 0.215 circumlunar 0.194 1968 0.190 flown 0.186 russians 0.185 flights 0.162 moon 0.157 l1 0.154 stripped 0.149 apollo 0.146 missions 0.144 micrometeor 0.134 зонд 0.134 |
Zond ( Зонд ; meaning "probe") was the name given to two series of Soviet unmanned space missions from 1964 to 1970 to gather information about nearby planets and test spacecraft. The second series used a stripped-down variant of the manned Soyuz spacecraft , consisting of the service and descent modules , but lacking the orbital module . |
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| 2006 |
20446 characters 2 sections 5 paragraphs 2 images 106 internal links 4 external links |
zond 0.468 test 0.253 circumlunar 0.205 1968 0.201 flown 0.197 russians 0.195 flights 0.171 moon 0.166 apollo 0.154 missions 0.152 soyuz 0.151 micrometeor 0.141 зонд 0.141 glitches 0.127 malfunctions 0.127 |
Zond ( Зонд ; meaning "probe") was the name given to two series of Soviet unmanned space missions from 1964 to 1970 to gather information about nearby planets and test spacecraft. |
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| 2005 |
13598 characters 2 sections 5 paragraphs 1 images 78 internal links 4 external links |
zond 0.472 test 0.255 circumlunar 0.207 1968 0.202 flown 0.198 russians 0.197 flights 0.173 moon 0.168 apollo 0.156 missions 0.154 soyuz 0.153 micrometeor 0.143 glitches 0.129 malfunctions 0.129 proton 0.123 |
The name "Zond" (meaning "probe" in Russian) is the name given to two series of Soviet unmanned space missions from 1964 to 1970 to gather information about nearby planets and test spacecraft. |
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| 2004 |
7329 characters 2 sections 5 paragraphs 0 images 47 internal links 4 external links |
zond 0.559 7k 0.291 1968 0.228 l1 0.209 soyuz 0.194 moon 0.190 circumlunar 0.175 flown 0.168 russians 0.167 flights 0.146 test 0.144 apollo 0.132 missions 0.130 micrometeor 0.121 glitches 0.109 |
The Zond program was a series of Soviet unmanned space missions from 1964 to 1970 to gather information about nearby planets and test spacecraft intended for manned flights around the moon. While the lunar mission was the mission's primary goal from 1968 on, the first three missions were intended to explore Venus and Mars . (NASA officials speculate that Zond 3 was redirected to the moon after missing its launch window to Mars.) It was only when the race to the moon intensified that missions 4 through 8 became the main test flights for manned circumlunar flight. "Zond" is simply Russian for "probe" and covered different vehicle designs. |
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| 2003 |
3615 characters 0 sections 1 paragraphs 0 images 32 internal links 0 external links |
zond 0.759 missions 0.247 micrometeor 0.229 flown 0.213 lunar 0.144 direction 0.121 payloads 0.116 collecting 0.115 program 0.113 instrumentation 0.113 usual 0.110 emissions 0.109 1964 0.108 flux 0.106 gathered 0.104 |
The Zond program was a series of Soviet unmanned space missions sent to the Moon from 1964 to 1979 . While the Zond program is considered here as a lunar program, it should be noted that Zond 1 was sent in the direction of Venus and Zond 2 in the direction of Mars . The later Zond missions (4-8) were tests for manned lunar missions in addition to their usual missions of collecting information about the Moon. Instrumentation flown on these missions gathered data on micrometeor flux, solar and cosmic rays , magnetic fields , radio emissions, and solar wind . Biological payloads were also flown and many photographs were taken. |